Fig. 7. Comparison of NRMSE of states simulated from the GECROS model without assimilating observations (open-loop) and of states analyzed from assimilating observations of field measurements (DAfm) and of remote sensing predictions (DArs) in year 2020. The overall NRMSE in the whole growing season of the directly updated states, leaf weight (W leaf), leaf N content in the canopy (N leaf) and leaf area index (LAI), are shown in Panel a. The overall NRMSE in the whole growing season andNRMSE at the harvesting stage of the indirectly updated states, aboveground biomass (W above), grain weight (W grain), aboveground N accumulation (N above) and grain N content (N grain), are shown in Panel b and c, respectively.