Fig. 8. Performance comparison of the data assimilation system with the assumed uncertainties alone, the assumed uncertainties combined with the introduced inflation factor in EnKF, and the quantified uncertainties. The NRMSE of the updated states in the growing season was shown, based on different values of coefficient of variation (CV) of crop model simulations with the CV of remote sensing predictions fixed at 0.01 (a), different values of CV of remote sensing predictions with the CV of crop model simulations fixed at 0.1 (b), and different values of inflation factor in EnKF with the CVs of crop model simulations and remote sensing predictions fixed at 0.1 and 0.01, respectively (c). The inflation factor was fixed at 1.0 for panels (a) and (b), assuring the assumed uncertainties functioned alone. The red lines in each panel indicate the NRMSE based on the estimated uncertainties of crop model simulations and remote sensing predictions from the proposed Bayesian methodology in this study.W leaf, leaf weight; N leaf, leaf N content in the canopy; LAI, leaf area index;W above, aboveground biomass;W grain, grain weight;N above, aboveground N content; andN grain, grain N content.