a GECROS-model parameters and their units are defined in Table 4;
b \(\sigma_{1}\), \(\xi\) and \(\lambda\) denote the heteroscedasticity parameter, the skewness parameter and the Box-Cox transformation parameter in the error model, respectively (see the text). Definition of the traits used in the subscript of symbols:W above, aboveground biomass; W grain, grain weight; W leaf, leaf weight; N above, aboveground N content; N grain, grain N content; N leaf, leaf N content in the canopy; and LAI, leaf area index.
Table 6: NRMSE and R 2 of simulations in the calibration (year 2019) and the validation (year 2020) using estimated mean values of uncertain parameters in the crop model GECROSa.