Total Study Population (N = 94)
Age at procedure (years)
Mean (standard deviation) 62.1 (9.8)
Median (Min, Max) 64.5 (29.0, 79.0)
Gender
Female 20 (21.3%
Male 74 (78.7%)
Race
African American 8 (13.3%)
 American Indian/Alaskan Native  1 (1.1%)
Asian Indian  1 (1.1%)
Non-Hispanic or Latino 31 (33.0%)
White 57 (60.6%)
 Did not identify  2 (2.1%)
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean (standard deviation) 30.8 (6.1)
Median (Min, Max) 29.9 (20.3, 49.7)
CHA2DS2 VASc Score
Mean (standard deviation) 2.0 (1.3)
Median (Min, Max) 2.0 (0.0, 7.0)
Diabetes Mellitus
No 83 (88.3%)
Yes 11 (11.7%)
Hypertension
No 34 (36.2%)
Yes 60 (63.8%)
Heart Failure
No 69 (73.4%)
Yes 25 (26.6%)
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (%)
Mean (standard deviation) 55.7% (10.6)
Median (Min, Max) 59.0% (15.0, 69.0)
Diastolic Dysfunction
No 47 (50.0%)
Yes 47 (50.0%)
Left Atrial Volume Index
Mean (standard deviation) 41.5 (13.0)
Median (Min, Max) 40.5 (16.0, 78.0)
Valvular Heart Disease
No 85 (91.4%)
Yes 8 (8.6%)
Stroke or TIA
No 85 (90.4%)
Yes 9 (9.6%)
Coronary Artery Disease
No 76 (80.9%)
Yes 18 (19.1%)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
No 48 (51.1%)
Yes 46 (43.6%)
CPAP Therapy
No 53 (56.4%)
Yes 41 (43.6%)
Autoimmune Disease
No 90 (95.7%)
Yes 4 (4.3%)
Malignancy
No 90 (95.7%)
Yes 4 (4.3%)
Renal Function – Creatinine
Mean (standard deviation) 1.1 (0.2)
Median (Min, Max) 1.1 (0.6, 1.8)
Hepatic Function – AST, ALT
Mean (SD) 34.2 (24.0), 33.9 (35.0)
Median (Min, Max) 27.0 (12.0, 140.0), 29.5 (8.0, 319.0)
Anti-inflammatory Medication
No 42 (44.7%)
Yes 52 (55.3%)
Intraoperative Dexamethasone
No 60 (63.8%)
Yes 34 (36.2%)
Antiarrhythmic Agent within 3 months
No 36 (38.3%)
Yes 58 (61.7%)
Antiarrhythmic Agent
Sotalol 15 (25.9%)
Dofetilide 8 (13.8%)
Amiodarone 21 (36.2%)
Flecainide 11 (19.0%)
Propafenone 2 (3.4%)
Dronedarone 1 (1.7%)
Antiarrhythmic Agent within 3 months to 1 year
No 57 (61.3%)
Yes 36 (38.7%)
Antiarrhythmic Agent
Sotalol 11 (32.4%)
Dofetilide 3 (8.8%)
Amiodarone 10 (29.4%)
Flecainide 9 (26.5%)
Propafenone 1 (2.9%)