Literature Study design Participant characteristics Sample size (n) Outcome measures Relevant findings
Gagliano-Jucá et al. 2017 [35] RCT: Testosterone replacement therapy effect on QTc 18 - 64 years old men 235 ECG parameters: QTcF Treatment with testosterone: QTc shortening, hERG (G) upregulation and ICaL (IC) inhibition.
Gagliano-Jucá et al. 2018 [36] Prospective cohort study: Changes in QT with ADT (control: prostatectomy no ADT treatment) 59 - 75 years old men 71 QT length Treatment with testosterone: QT shortening, hERG (G) upregulation and ICaL (IC) inhibition.
Huo et al. 2019 [37] Experimental study: Study sex hormonal influences on human iPSCs derived cardiomyocytes Human iPSCs derived cardiomyocytes N/A FPD and cardiac parameters Treatment with DHT: FPD (equivalent to APD) shortening and hERG(G) upregulation.
LaFountaine et al. 2011 [38] Cross-sectional study: Testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism and SCI (control: eugonadal males with SCI) 29 - 49 years old men with SCI 34 ECG parameters: APD, QTc and HR Treatment with testosterone: QT shortening and K+ channels (IC) upregulation.
Piccirillo et al. 2019 [39] Intervention study: Testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism (control: eugonadal males) 35 - 70 years old men 24 ECG parameters: QTe, QTp and Te Treatment with testosterone: QT shortening, IKs (IC) upregulation and ICaL (IC) inhibition.
Salem et al. 2018 [40] Prospective cohort study: Testosterone replacement therapy in males with hypogonadism and/or taking ADT 63 - 90 years old men 7 Testosterone levels and LQT and TdP risk Treatment with testosterone: QTc shortening, IKr (IC) upregulation, IKs (IC) upregulation, ICaL (IC) inhibition.
Salem et al. 2019 [41] Experimental study: ADT – Enzalutamide (Xtandi®, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Northbrook, IL) treatment in human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes Human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes N/A ECG parameters: APD and HR; and effects of ADT Treatment with ADT: QT prolongation, IKr (IC) inhibition acutely and INaL (IC) upregulation chronically.
Vicente et al. 2014 [42] Cross-sectional study: Testosterone effects on ECG parameters 21 - 72 years old men and women 2235 ECG parameters: QTc Presence of testosterone: QTc shortening, IKs (IC) upregulation and ICaL (IC) inhibition.
Wu et al. 2008 [43] Experimental study: DHT treatment in HEK293 cells HEK293 cells transfected with hERG and either AR or AR45 N/A hERG expression and function Treatment with DHT: QT shortening and hERG(G) upregulation.