Barajas-Martinez et al. 2009 [48] |
Experimental study: Testosterone
effect on cardiac repolarization in dog cardiomyocytes |
Cardiomyocytes
from adult mongrel dogs weighting between 30 and 35kg |
N/A |
INa amplitude and transmural distribution |
Treatment
with testosterone: INa (IC): reduced transmural
dispersion. |
Fülöp et al. 2006 [49] |
Experimental study: Testosterone and
Estrogen effect on ECG parameters and cardiac channel expression |
Male
and female dogs (gonadecto-mized and WT) |
20 |
ECG parameters (HR and
QTc) and protein expression analysis |
Treatment with testosterone: QT
shortening, IK1 (IC): upregulation and
Ito (IC): upregulation. |
Bai et al. 2005 [50] |
Experimental study: Testosterone effect on
cardiac repolarization via a NO-dependent mechanism |
White Hartrey
guinea pig ventricular myocytes |
36 |
APD and membrane current using
patch clamp technique |
Treatment with testosterone: APD shortening,
IKs (IC): upregulation, ICaL (IC):
downregulation and NOS3 (E): phosphorylation. |
James et al. 2004 [51] |
Experimental study: Ion channel expression
and APD in male and female guinea pig cardiomyocytes |
Duncan-Hartley
male and female guinea pig cardiomyocyte |
33 |
Ion currents and APD |
Treatment with testosterone: APD shortening, higher IK1
(IC) and higher ICaL (IC) |
Yang et al. 2010 [52] |
Simulation – experimental study:
Testosterone effect on a guinea pig computational model |
Guinea pig
computational model |
N/A |
Sexual hormone effects on simulated cardiac
tissue |
Treatment with testosterone: QT shortening. |
Raghu et al. 2009 [53] |
Experimental study: Haloperidol (Haldol®,
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ) effect on cardiac
electrophysiology |
Albino male guinea pig hearts |
9 |
AP duration |
Treatment with testosterone: APD prolongation. |
Argenziano et al. 2014 [54] |
Experimental study: DHT effect on
cardiac ion channel expression |
Immortalized mouse cardiomyocyte (HL-1) |
N/A |
Androgenic control of gene expression |
Treatment with DHT: APD
shortening, NCX (IC): upregulation and Kv4.3 (G):
upregulation. |
Brouillette et al. 2005 [55] |
Experimental study: Comparing
testosterone levels and current density between the 2 mice strains |
CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice isolated ventricular myocytes |
59 CD-1 and 35
C57BL/6 mice |
Testosterone levels and current density using whole-cell
voltage clamp recoding |
Higher levels of testosterone: Shorter APD and
higher IKur (IC) in the CD-1 strain. |
Brouillette et al. 2003 [56] |
Experimental study: Compare the
cardiac electrophysiology differences in gonadectomized and control mice |
CD-1 male mice |
42 |
ECG parameters (APD and QTc) and protein
expression |
Testosterone deficiency: QT prolongation and
IKur (IC): downregulation. |
Crump et al. 2016 [57] |
Experimental study: Effect of KCNE4
deletion in mice isolated cardiomyocytes |
Isolated cardiomyocytes from
KCNE4 knockout C57BL/6 mice |
24 |
Electrophysiological activity of mice
cardiomyocytes |
KCNE4 deletion: QT prolongation. |
Hu et al. 2018 [58] |
Experimental study: APD measurements in KCNE4
knockout male and female mice (control: wild-type mice) |
KCNE4 knockout
mice ventricular myocytes |
62 |
ECG parameters (QT) and testosterone
measurements |
KCNE4 deletion: QT prolongation. |
Sun et al. 2018 [59] |
Experimental study: Effects of Valsartan on
Gonadectomized mice |
Male ICR mice |
12 |
Path-clamp measurements of
cardiac electrophysiology |
Gonadectomy: APD prolongation,
Ito (IC): downregulation, IKur (IC):
downregulation, INa (IC): upregulation and Connexin 43
(P): downregulation. |
Tsai et al. 2015 [60] |
Experimental study: Study the effects of
ARKO on cardiac arrhythmogenesis (control: wild-type mice) |
Right
ventricular outflow track tissue from ARKO mice |
12 |
Cardiac
electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis |
Androgen receptor knockout: APD
prolongation, ICaL (IC): upregulation, NCX (IC):
upregulation, RyR2 (R): upregulation, Phospholamban (R): upregulation,
CAMKII (G): upregulation and GRK2 (G): upregulation. |
Tsai et al. 2013 [61] |
Experimental study: Study the effects of
ARKO in the modulation of atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis
(control: wild-type mice) |
ARKO mice left atrium |
20 |
Cardiac
electrophysiology and protein expression |
Treatment with Isoproterenol:
QT prolongation. |
Zhang et al. 2017 [62]
|
Experimental study: Gonadectomy and susceptibility to atrial
fibrillation
|
Male ICR mice
|
18
|
Susceptibility to atrial fibrillation
|
Gonadectomy: QT prolongation and INa (IC): upregulation.
Gonadectomy increased the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Parameters
returned to normal after DHT administration.
|
Drici et al. 1996 [63]
|
Experimental study: Effect of sexual hormones on cardiac repolarization
(control: no DHT or E2 treatment)
|
Female albino New Zealand white rabbit hearts
|
24
|
ECG parameters (QT), mRNA expression and cardiac electrophysiology
|
Quinidine (Quinidex®, Wyeth Pharms Inc., Philadelphia, PA) treatment: QT
prolongation and IKr (IC): downregulation.
Treatment with DHT or E2 in OVX rabbits: QT prolongation,
IKs (IC): downregulation and IKur (IC):
downregulation.
|
Lang et al. 2016 [64]
|
Experimental study: Specific differences in cardiac electrophysiology in
a rabbit model (control: no DHT or E2 treatment)
|
Male and female rabbits
|
43
|
ECG measurements (QT)
|
Ovariectomy in female rabbits: SERCA (IC): downregulation.
Testosterone treatment: IKr (IC): upregulation,
IK1 (IC): upregulation and IKs (IC):
upregulation.
|
Liu et al. 2003 [45] |
Experimental study: DHT treatment in ORX
rabbits (control: no DHT treatment) |
Hearts isolated from ORX New
Zealand male white rabbits |
35 |
ECG and patch-clamp recordings |
Treatment with DHT in ORX rabbits: QT shortening, IK1
(IC): upregulation and IKr (IC):
upregulation. |
Pham et al. 2002 [65] |
Experimental study: DHT or E2 treatments on
gonadectomized rabbits (control: no DHT or E2 treatment) |
Epicardial
and endocardial myocytes isolated from New Zealand White rabbits
gonadectomized at age 50–60 days |
36 |
ICaL density
and function using patch clamp technique |
Treatment with DHT or E2 in
OVX rabbits: QT prolongation and ICaL (IC): Increased
transmural dispersion. |
Pham et al. 2001 [66] |
Experimental study: Dofetilide exposure in
gonadectomized rabbits (control: no gonadectomy) |
Isolated right
ventricular endocardium from control and gonadectomized rabbits |
16 |
APD measurements using microelectrodes |
Exposure to Dofetilide
(Tikosyn®, Pfizer, NY, NY) in gonadectomized rabbits: APD prolongation
and IKr (IC): blocking. |
Pham et al. 2002 [67] |
Experimental study: DHT treatment in female
rabbits (control: no DHT treatment) |
Ventricular myocardium from female
rabbits |
61 |
ECG parameters using micro-electrodes (APD) |
Treatment
with DHT: APD shortening and IKr (IC):
upregulation. |
Valverde et al. 2003 [44] |
Experimental study: Gender differences
in cardiac repolarization in rabbits |
New Zealand white rabbits |
44 |
ECG parameters and microelectrode recordings (APD) |
Testosterone in
male rabbits: APD shortening. |
Argenziano et al. 2017 [68] |
Experimental study: Androgenic
inhibition in male rats (control: placebo instead of androgenic
inhibition) |
Right ventricular free wall from male Wistar rats |
20 |
ECG (APD) and electrophysiology measures |
Androgenic inhibition with
Finasteride (5a-reductase inhibitor) or Flutamide: QT prolongation,
Ito (IC): downregulation and NCX (IC):
downregulation. |
Ayaz et al. 2015 [69] |
Experimental study: ORCX rats treated with
E2 (control: no gonadectomy and no E2 treatment) |
Left ventricular
tissue from Male Wistar rats |
27 |
APD and contraction measurements and
expression of Ca2+ and K+ channels |
Orchiectomy: APD
prolongation, K+ channel: downregulation and
ICaL (IC): upregulation. |
Eleawa et al. 2013 [70] |
Experimental study: Gonadectomy and
testosterone treatment in male rats (control: no testosterone treatment) |
Male rats |
104 |
ECG parameters (QT) and protein expression |
Orchiectomy: QT prolongation, IK1 (IC): downregulation
and INa (IC): downregulation. |
Masuda et al. 2018 [8] |
Experimental study: Testosterone treatment
in gonadectomized rats |
Male and female rats |
6 |
ECG parameters (QTc)
and IKs expression and density |
Treatment with
testosterone: QT shortening and IKs (IC):
upregulation. |
Shuba et al. 2001 [71] |
Experimental study: Testosterone and
neuroleptic – Haloperidol Pimozide and Fluspirilene treatment in
Xenopous oocytes |
hERG expressing Xenopous oocytes |
32 |
hERG
expression |
Treatment with neuroleptics: QT prolongation and hERG (G):
downregulation. |