Introduction
A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common thoracic
venous anomaly that is caused by the remnant of the left cardinal vein,
an embryological vessel, that is present during the early developmental
period [1]. The incidence of PLSVC is between 0.3 and 2% in
individuals with a normal heart and about 8% in those with a
concomitant congenital heart disease [2]. PLSVC carries coronary
sinus blood retrogradely into the left innominate vein, and in most
cases, it drains into the right atrium through the coronary sinus in the
absence of congenital heart disease [3]. When the coronary sinus
receives a left superior vena cava or a hepatic vein, it is enlarged
[4]. This venous anomaly is mostly asymptomatic and is encountered
incidentally during cardiac device implantation, surgery or
cardiovascular imaging [5].