Fig. 2. Patterns of abundant and rare taxa based on compositional and phylogenetic similarities. Distance-decay curves of compositional similarity (a, Bray–Curtis similarity) and phylogenetic similarity (b, 1-βMNTD) for abundant and rare taxa; Differences in community distance (c, Bray–Curtis dissimilarity) and phylogenetic distance (d, βMNTD dissimilarity) between abundant and rare taxa. Gray shaded areas in the plots (a and b) denote 95% confidence intervals. Asterisks indicate significance (***, P < 0.001) according to nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test.