Methodology Steps Description
Literature Search PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus
Inclusion Criteria
- Full-text articles published in English - Focus on applications in neurology and neurosurgery - Adult and paediatric populations
Exclusion Criteria
- Stand-alone abstracts - Case reports - Posters - Unpublished or non-peer-reviewed studies
Search Terms Keywords and phrases such as “Carcinoid Heart Disease,” “Serotonin Heart Valve Disease,” “Neuroendocrine Tumours Cardiac Complications,” “Carcinoid Tumours Heart,” “Right Heart Valve Dysfunction Carcinoid,” “Cardiac Complications,” “Heart Valve Dysfunction,” “Management of Carcinoid Heart Disease,” and “Prognosis in Carcinoid Heart Disease.”
Additional Search
- Manual examination of references cited in recent disease-specific reviews - Encompassing diverse study designs: ● Descriptive studies
● Animal-model studies
● Cohort studies
● Observational studies - Including investigations in both pre-clinical and clinical settings