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\begin{document}

\title{Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing:
Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis}



\author[1]{Carlos Becerril}%
\author[1]{Anthony Sladen}%
\author[2]{Jean-Paul Ampuero}%
\author[3]{Pedro J Vidal-Moreno}%
\author[3]{Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez}%
\author[4]{Fabian Kutschera}%
\author[5]{Alice-Agnes Gabriel}%
\author[6]{Frédéric Bouchette}%
\affil[1]{Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, IRD, Géoazur}%
\affil[2]{Institut de Recherche pour le Développement}%
\affil[3]{Department of Electronics, University of Alcala, Polytechnic School}%
\affil[4]{Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego}%
\affil[5]{Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München}%
\affil[6]{GEOSCIENCES-Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Tsunami wave observations far from the coast remain challenging due to
the logistics and cost of deploying and operating offshore
instrumentation on a long-term basis with sufficient spatial coverage
and density. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on submarine fiber optic
cables now enables real-time seafloor strain observations over distances
exceeding 100 km at a relatively low cost. Here, we evaluate the
potential contribution of DAS to tsunami warning by assessing
theoretically the sensitivity required by a DAS instrument to record
tsunami waves.

Our analysis includes signals due to two effects induced by the
hydrostatic pressure perturbations arising from tsunami waves: the
Poisson's effect of the submarine cable and the compliance effect of the
seafloor. It also includes the effect of seafloor shear stresses and
temperature transients induced by the horizontal fluid flow associated
with tsunami waves. The analysis is supported by fully coupled 3-D
physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture, seismo-acoustic waves
and tsunami wave propagation. The strains from seismo-acoustic waves and
static deformation near the earthquake source are orders of magnitude
larger than the tsunami strain signal. We illustrate a data processing
procedure to discern the tsunami signal. With enhanced low-frequency
sensitivity on DAS interrogators (strain sensitivity [?]
2\selectlanguage{ngerman}×10\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{-10} at mHz frequencies), we find that, on seafloor
cables located above or near the earthquake source area, tsunamis are
expected to be observable with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio within
a few minutes of the earthquake onset. These encouraging results pave
the way towards faster tsunami warning enabled by seafloor DAS.

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\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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