6. Conclusion
The present study combined EEG and machine learning models to examine whether and how three language switching situations which bilinguals encounter in their daily lives modulate the cross-task conflict adaptation effect. The results confirmed that cross-task adaptation from forced switching surpassed the adaptative shift of natural switching with minimal cognitive demands. This automatic adaptation is strategically dependent on the switching contexts, and the shared construct between language control and domain-general control. Furthermore, the predictive outcomes confirm that this adaptive advantage is broadly applicable and not confined to specific conditions. In sum, our findings shed new light on the fundamental characterization of how language switching contributes to domain-general cognitive control.