\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Assessing the Sources of the O+ in the Plasma Sheet}



\author[1]{Jing Liao}%
\author[1]{Lynn M. Kistler}%
\author[1]{Christopher G. Mouikis}%
\author[2]{Stephen A. Fuselier}%
\author[1]{Marissa Hedlund}%
\affil[1]{University of New Hampshire}%
\affil[2]{Southwest Research Institute}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 08, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
To study the contributions of cusp outflow coming through the lobes and
nightside auroral outflow to the O+ in the plasma sheet, we performed a
statistical study of tailward streaming O+ in the lobes, the plasma
sheet boundary layer (PSBL) and the plasma sheet (PS), using MMS/HPCA
data. Similar spatial distributions demonstrate the entry of cusp-origin
O+ from the lobes to the plasma sheet through the PSBL. There is an
energy dependence in the lobe O+ spatial distribution, with low-energy
O+ streaming near the center in YGSM while high energy (1-3 keV) O+
streams near the flanks. Low energy (\textless{} 100 eV) O+ from the
nightside auroral oval can be identified in the near-Earth PSBL/PS with
high-density (\textgreater{} 0.03 cm-3), and energetic (\textgreater{} 3
keV) streaming O+ with similar density (\textasciitilde{}0.02 cm-3) is
seen further out on the duskside of the PSBL/PS. The rest of the
nightside auroral O+ in the PSBL is mixed with O+ coming in from the
lobe, and difficult to distinguish. We estimated the inflow and outflow
of ions in the plasma sheet between 7-17 RE, using data extracted from
previous studies and this work. Comparisons between the estimated
fluence suggest that the majority of near-Earth plasma sheet H+ are from
cusps and Earthward convection from the distant tail. The O+ in the same
region, on the other hand, has a mixed source, with auroral outflow
giving the highest contribution.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`O_entry_manuscript_v2.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/755689/articles/725999-assessing-the-sources-of-the-o-in-the-plasma-sheet}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

