3.1.1. Participants
To obtain small–medium power (effect size f 2 = .05 in a linear multiple regression analysis), a GPower analysis suggested a total sample size of 159 participants was needed to obtain a power of .80 (Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, & Lang, 2009). However, because we did not know the “true effect,” we oversampled in Study 1. Therefore, we recruited 360 participants in Wuhan, China, in 2016. Wuhan is downstream of the Yangtze River; thus, it is often threatened by flood risk during the June-to-September monsoon season (Liu, Wang, & Li, 2014). Thirty invalid questionnaires were excluded for random responding (i.e., giving the same answer to all items or reporting an age > 100 years). Thus, the data from 330 participants were analyzed (222 women, 107 men, 1 did not report sex; M age = 23.26 ± 6.25 years).