Results

This study included 16 and 66 human liver specimens in the biochemical and histopathological validation stages for analyses. The characteristics of the population are shown in Table 1 . The ethnicity information was not available in the biochemical validation stage, as it is not routinely captured in the LUMC database.Figure 3 shows that the fat contents obtained from the Raman system measurements are positively correlated with triglyceride levels. These correlations imply that signals of both the reflectance and Raman channels contained information about fat contents in human specimens. It should be noted that the reflectance channel signals had a worse linear correlation coefficient than the Raman channel (0.64 vs. 0.82). Typical liver specimens with minimum triglyceride contents between 0.2 µg/µg protein and 0.4 µg/µg protein were predicted to have more than 40% fat in content, implying that the calibration using duck fat-agar phantoms resulted in a significant zero-point error of the reflectance channel.