Conclusion

This research marks a novel endeavour in utilizing a portable spectroscopic system to assess hepatic steatosis in human liver specimens. Two-stage biochemical and histopathological validations highlight the potential of the examined system as a trustworthy, non-invasive modality for steatosis evaluation. Notably, the ambient light-compatible approach signifies a notable progression beyond prior spectroscopic methods, effectively addressing associated limitations. Raman scattering was validated able to quantify lipid content and therefore detect the presence of Global HS in human liver specimens. Moreover, introducing a dual-variable prediction for identifying significant (≥10%) discrepancies in global HS and MaS demonstrates the potential of differentiating between steatotic livers with different extent of MaS. Beyond immediate outcomes, this study lays the foundation for the broader application of ambient light-compatible spectroscopic probes in clinical environments, potentially revolutionizing intraoperative liver assessments. Amidst the escalating demand for liver transplantation, tools of this nature hold substantial promise in ensuring optimal graft quality, consequently benefiting liver recipients. While the results are encouraging, further research is imperative to affirm the comprehensive potential and applicability of this system, especially in real-world operating room contexts. Table 1. Population characteristics of included human liver specimens.