Focusing solely on enhancing the resilience of power systems at a systemic level would lead to a significant underestimation of the actual impact of extreme disasters. Equally vital is the assurance of livelihood security amidst such extreme conditions, which is crucial for the development of a truly resilient power system. Hence, this paper attempts to incorporate quantifiable metrics assessing public safety impacts into resilience enhancement works, thereby guiding precise allocation of funds. Considering that the residents’ intuitive feelings are the most direct reflection of the severity of the disaster, this paper employs the modified prospect theory to formulate functions representing residents’ psychological risk perception and risk-taking willingness to tolerate risks during disruptions in power, gas, and water supplies. Meanwhile, in order to accurately calculate the energy loss duration for each residential customer, a resilience enhancement method for post-disaster collaborative dispatch of electricity-gas-water systems (EGWSs) is proposed. With the objective of minimizing the public safety and economic impact of disasters, the optimal multi-source collaborative emergency restoration strategy is developed. The significant necessity and efficiency of the proposed strategy are verified with exhaustive case studies. Numerical results evince the resilience enhancement by considering the livelihood security in the post-disaster restoration stage.