Table 1 Summary of study characteristics
Reference (year) Study design Design of intervention Age at diagnosis (Mean age, years) (Time since treatment (Mean time since diagnosis, years)) Experimental Sample (Mean age at pre-intervention) Control sample
(Mean age at pre-intervention)
Riggs et al. (2017) Open-label, RCT with crossover Exercise training (Group setting: 3x 90min/week, 12 weeks Home setting: 2x 90min/week, 2x 30min/week, 12 weeks) Mean age: Training first group 11.19±2.98 (5.53±2.38) No training first group 12±3 (5.88±3.41) n=28, all hemispheric or posterior fossa tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: Training first group 5.61±2.61, No Training first group 6.33±1.56) n=28, typically developing control
Szulc-Lerch et al. (2018) Open-label, RCT with crossover Exercise training (Group setting: 3x 90min/week, 12 weeks Home setting: 2x 90min/week, 2x 30min/week, 12 weeks) Mean age: Training first group 11.19±2.98 (5.53±2.38) No training first group 12±3 (5.88±3.41) n=28, all hemispheric or posterior fossa tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: Training first group 5.61±2.61, No Training first group 6.33±1.56) n=28, typically developing control
Cox et al. (2020) Open-label, RCT with crossover Exercise training (Group setting: 3x 90min/week, 12 weeks Home setting: 2x 90min/week, 2x 30min/week, 12 weeks) Mean age: Training first group 5.77±2.75 (5.28±2.40) No training first group 6.56±1.64 (5.86±3.43) n=25, all hemispheric or posterior fossa tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: Training first group 11.10±3.19, No Training first group 12.47±2.94) n=25, typically developing control
Rath et al. (2018) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Individually tailored exercise training (3x/week, 24 weeks) Mean age: 3.9 (11.1) n=20, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types (Mean age:19.8) N.A.
Fontana et al. (2021) Open-Label, RCT with crossover Purely physical or physical and attentional exercises (60min/week, 10 months) N.R. n=20, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types (Mean age: 10.8) N.A.
Kanitz et al. (2013) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Eurythmy Therapy (25 hours, 6 months) Mean age: 7.1±3.2 (/) n=7, all cerebellar tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: 11.16±4.37) N.A.
Patel et al. (2009) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Cognitive and Problem-solving training (15 weeks, 60-90 min/session) Mean age 5.96±4.86 (7.23±2.75) n=12, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types (Mean age: 11.75±3.77) N.A.
Conklin et al. (2015) Single-blinded RCT Cogmed (25 sessions of 30-45 min/session, 5-9 weeks) Mean age: Cogmed 5.15±2.92 (4.97±3.02) Control 4.62±2.68 (5.04±2.41) n=34, heterogeneous cancer types treated with RT and/or intrathecal ChT, (Mean age: 12.21±2.47) n=34, heterogeneous cancer types treated with RT and/or intrathecal ChT, (Mean age: 11.82±2.42)
Conklin et al. (2017) Single-blinded RCT Cogmed (25 sessions of 30-45 min/session, 5-9 weeks) Mean age: Cogmed 5.15±2.92 (4.97±3.02) Control 4.62±2.68 (5.04±2.41) n=34, heterogeneous cancer types treated with RT and/or intrathecal ChT, (Mean age: 12.21±2.47) n=34, heterogeneous cancer types treated with RT and/or intrathecal ChT, (Mean age: 11.82±2.42)
Table 1 (continued)
Reference (year) Study design Design of intervention Age at diagnosis (Mean age, years) (Time since treatment (Mean time since diagnosis, years)) Experimental Sample (Mean age at pre-intervention) Control sample
(Mean age at pre-intervention)
Hardy et al. (2013) Double-blinded RCT Cogmed or MegaMemo (25 sessions of 30-45 min/session, 5-8 weeks) Mean age: Cogmed 4.9±3.54 (6.0±2.98) Control 5.7±2.88 (3.0±1.77) n=14, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types, (Mean age: 12.7±2.77) n=7, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types, (Mean age: 10.7±1.89)
Siciliano et al. (2021) Single-blinded RCT Cogmed: adaptive or non-adaptive (25 sessions of 30-45 min/session, 5 weeks) N.R. n=20, all brain tumors with heterogeneous therapies, (Mean age: 11.98±2.68) n=21, all brain tumors with heterogeneous therapies, (Mean age: 11.98±2.68)
Carlson-Green et al. (2017) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Cogmed (35 sessions of 30-45 min/session, 8-10 weeks) Mean age: 6 (5) n=21, all brain tumors with heterogeneous therapies, (/) N.A.
Peterson et al. (2022) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Cogmed or JumpMath (40 sessions, 30 min./session, 12 weeks) Mean age: Cogmed 7.87 (5.36), JumpMath 4.49 (6.01), Control 4.70 (5.55) Cogmed: n=10, (Mean age: 13.71), Jumpmath: n=9, (Mean age: 10.56), all brain tumors with cranial RT n=9, all brain tumors with cranial RT, (Mean age: 10.28)
Palmer et al. (2014) Open-Label, Single-blinded RCT Fast ForWord (30 sessions of 48 min/session, 5 sessions/week, 6 weeks) N.R. n=43, all medulloblastoma with CSI and ChT, (Mean age: 9.38) n=38, all medulloblastoma with CSI and ChT, (Mean age: 9.27)
Zou et al. (2016) Open-Label, Single-blinded RCT Fast ForWord (30 sessions of 48 min/session, 5 sessions/week, 6 weeks) Mean age: Fast ForWord 10 (2.8), Control 9.5 (2.5) n=21, all medulloblastoma with CSI and ChT, (Mean age: 11.7) n=21, all medulloblastoma with CSI and ChT, (Mean age: 12.1); n=21, typically developing children, (Mean age: 12.3)
Hardy et al. (2011) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Captain’s Log (50 min/week for 12 weeks) Mean age: N.R. (5.7±3.20) n=9, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types, (Mean age: 13.3±2.44) N.A.
Butler et al. (2008) Open-Label, RCT Cognitive Remediation Program (20x 120min/week, 4-5 months) Mean age: CRP 4.9±3.3 (5.8±2.8), Control 5.6±3.4 (5.6±3.2) n=108, heterogeneous disease, (Mean age: 10.8±3.4) n=53, heterogeneous disease, (Mean age: 11.1±3.1)
Zou et al. (2012) Open-Label, RCT Cognitive Remediation Program (20x 120min/week, 4-5 months) Mean age: CRP 5.0, Control 5.8 n=8, heterogeneous cancer, (Mean age: 13.36) n=6, heterogeneous cancer, (Mean age: 10.5) n=28, typically developing children, (Mean age:12.7)
Kesler et al. (2011) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Cognitive Rehabilitation Curriculum (40 sessions, 5 sessions/week, 20 min/session, 8 weeks) Mean age: N.R. (3.1±2.5) n=23, heterogeneous cancer, and treatment types, (Mean age: 12.6±4.1) N.A.
Wade et al. (2020) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label A Survivor’s Journey (Independently online modules and weekly therapist session, 2-4 months) Mean age: 6.83±3 (8.85±4) n=19, all brain tumors with heterogeneous treatment types, (Mean age: 17.6±3) N.A.
Table 1 (continued)
Reference (year) Study design Design of intervention Age at diagnosis (Mean age, years) (Time since treatment (Mean time since diagnosis, years)) Experimental Sample (Mean age at pre-intervention) Control sample
(Mean age at pre-intervention)
De Ruiter et al. (2016) Double-Blind RCT Neurofeedback training (30 sessions, 30 min/session) Mean age: Neurofeedback group 6.81±3.65 (7.64±4.04) Control sample 7.42±4.09 (6.03±2.99) n= 34, all brain tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: 14.45±2.99) n=37, all brain tumors with heterogeneous therapies (Mean age: 13.45±3.28)
Thompson et al. (2001) Double-Blind RCT with crossover Methylphenidate (Single does, 0.60 mg/kg) Mean age: MPH group 3.5, Control 4.8 n=15, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.3) n=17, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.8)
Conklin et al. (2007) Double-Blind RCT with crossover Methylphenidate (Single does, 0.60 mg/kg) Mean age at cancer treatment: 5.29±2.91 (4.71±2.90) n=122, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.76±2.30) N.A.
Mulhern et al. (2004) Double-Blind RCT with crossover Methylphenidate (5 days MPH administration, LD: 0.30 mg/kg, HD: 0.60 mg/kg, Placebo) Mean age: 5.4±3.02 (4.9±3.12) n=83, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.9±3.12) N.A.
Conklin et al. (2010) Double-Blind RCT with crossover Methylphenidate (5 days MPH administration, LD: 0.30 mg/kg, HD: 0.60 mg/kg, Placebo) Mean age: 5.41±2.87 (4.70±2.92) n=106, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.92±3.00) N.A.
Conklin, Reddick et al. (2010) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Methylphenidate (Individually titrated MPH dose, 12 months) Mean age: MPH group 5.21, SE 0.36 (4.26, SE 0.32); Control 5.43, SE 0.43 (4.35, SE 0.36) n=68, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.11, SE 0.37) n=54, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.26, SE 0.43)
Netson et al. (2011) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Methylphenidate (Individually titrated MPH dose, 12 months) Mean age: MPH group 5.21, SE 0.36 (4.26, SE 0.32) n=68, heterogeneous cancer types with ChT +/- RT, (Mean age: 11.11, SE 0.37) N.A.
Castellino et al. (2012) Longitudinal Single-arm, Open-Label Donepezil (10 mg/daily, 24 weeks) Mean age at RT: 5.55 (4.7) n=11, all brain tumors with whole brain RT (> 23.4 Gy) +/- ChT, (Mean age 11.1) N.A.
Abbreviations: RT, radiotherapy; CSI, craniospinal irradiation; ChT, chemotherapy; ±, standard deviation; SE, standard error; MPH, methylphenidate; RCT, randomized controlled trial; N.R., Not Reported; N.A. Not Applicable