Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the alpha diversity is highly dependent on seasonal changes, while beta diversity only showed a geographical variation pattern. Especially, our work showed that spatiotemporal variation in fungal community alpha and beta diversity was mainly driven by climatic factors and soil properties (e.g., AK), leaf properties (e.g., P), respectively. Moreover, the leaf P and AK were mainly explained by the geographic location effect rather than the seasonal effect, and climatic factors showed opposite pattern. Taken together, our study provides empirical evidence for the distinct spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors between alpha and beta diversity in the fungal community of the soil-plant continuum in rubber trees.