Community composition and environmental variables
A total of 9036, 7861, 11001, 10261, 9701, 3846 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected for the six compartments (phyllosphere, leaf endosphere, soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, root endosphere, respectively). Among these OTUs, the majority were assigned to the classes Dothideomycetes (18.10%) and Sordariomycetes (16.51%), Eurotiomycetes (10.64%), Tremellomycetes (9.46%), and Agaricomycetes (8.37%) at the class level (Figure S2).
Among the six measured leaf environmental variables, water content (WC), leaf pH, and organic matter (SOM) showed strong seasonal variations, with higher values during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Leaf phosphorus (P) variables, on the other hand, were more influenced by geographical location or site rather than seasonal changes (Figure 1, S3). In contrast, the ten measured soil physicochemical properties were primarily explained by geographical locations or sites. Variables such as available potassium (AK), soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), total phosphorus (TP), water content (WC), organic matter (SOM), nitrate nitrogen (NN), and available phosphorus (AP) were largely influenced by the specific sites where sampling was conducted. In addition, mean seasonal precipitation and mean seasonal temperature showed significant seasonal variations. Approximately 97.6% (P <0.001) of the variation in precipitation and 96.4% (P <0.001) of the variation in temperature were explained by sampling seasons. During the rainy season, leaf water content, precipitation, and temperature were significantly higher compared to the dry season. (Figure 2, S4).