Results
No significant difference was observed in α-diversity between the two groups. However, β-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between groups using both Bray-Curtis and weighted UniFrac methods (Adjusted p-value=0.015 and 0.044, respectively). Significant differential abundance between groups, with higher relative abundance in the MDI group compared to the DPI group, was detected at the family level [Carnobacteriaceae (Adjusted p=0.033)] and at the genus level [Granulicatella (Adjusted p=0.021) and Aggregatibacter (Adjusted p=0.011)].