Demographics |
|
|
|
|
Age, years, mean (SD) |
12.8 (2.2) |
10.8 (3.0) |
<0.001 |
11.7 (2.9) |
Female, n (%) |
28/65 (43%) |
30/77 (39%) |
0.619 |
58/142
(41%) |
Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Caucasian
|
56/65 (86%)
|
54/77 (70%)
|
0.023
|
110/142 (23%)
|
Non-Caucasian
|
9/65 (14%)
|
23/77 (30%)
|
|
32/142 (77%)
|
Body mass index (BMI) z-score, mean (SD) |
0.47 (1.37) |
0.57 (1.21) |
0.637 |
0.52 (1.28) |
Smoking exposure, n (%) |
22/61 (36%) |
18/74 (24%) |
0.137 |
40/135
(30%) |
Country of inclusion, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Spain
|
27/65 (42%)
|
23/77 (30%)
|
<0.001
|
50/142 (35%)
|
Germany
|
6/65 (9%)
|
32/77 (42%)
|
|
38/142 (27%)
|
The Netherlands
|
10/65 (15%)
|
21/77 (27%)
|
|
31/142 (22%)
|
Slovenia
|
22/65 (34%)
|
1/77 (1%)
|
|
23/142 (16%)
|
Clinical characteristics |
|
|
|
|
Asthma control status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Uncontrolled
|
40/65 (62%)
|
48/77 (62%)
|
0.922
|
88/142 (62%)
|
Asthma Severity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Moderate
|
39/65 (60%)
|
26/77 (34%)
|
0.002
|
65/142 (46%)
|
Severe
|
26/65 (40%)
|
51/77 (66%)
|
|
77/142 (54%)
|
ACT score, median (IQR)
|
23 (20, 25)
(n=65)
|
22 (18, 24)
(n=72)
|
0.401
|
23 (20, 25)
(n=137)
|
Lung function test, median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
FEV1 % predicted pre-salbutamol
|
90.7 (81.1, 98.2)
(n=64)
|
97.5 (85.8, 106.1)
(n=75)
|
0.010
|
93.7 (82.7, 103.3)
(n=139)
|
FEV1 % predicted post-salbutamol
|
98.3 (89.0, 103.2)
(n=64)
|
102.6 (92.0, 110.7)
(n=73)
|
0.019
|
99.6 (89.6, 108.6)
(n=137)
|
Bronchodilator reversibility (Change in FEV1≥12% after
salbutamol intake), n (%) |
21/64 (33%) |
11/73 (15%) |
0.014 |
32/137 (23%) |
ICS type, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Beclomethasone
|
4/65 (6%)
|
11/77 (14%)
|
<0.001
|
15/142 (11%)
|
Budesonide
|
14/65 (22%)
|
0/77 (0%)
|
|
14/142 (10%)
|
Ciclesonide
|
0/65 (0%)
|
1/77 (1%)
|
|
1/142 (1%)
|
Fluticasone
|
47/65 (72%)
|
65/77 (84%)
|
|
112/142 (79%)
|
ICS dosage*, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Low
|
40/65 (62%)
|
26/77 (34%)
|
<0.001
|
66/142 (46%)
|
Medium
|
10/65 (15%)
|
36/77 (47%)
|
|
46/142 (32%)
|
High
|
15/65 (23%)
|
15/77 (19%)
|
|
30/142 (21%)
|
ICS intervals (per day), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
1
|
15/65 (23%)
|
1/77 (1%)
|
<0.001
|
16/142 (11%)
|
2
|
45/65 (69%)
|
34/77 (44%)
|
|
79/142 (56%)
|
3
|
1/65 (2%)
|
0/77 (0%)
|
|
1/142 (1%)
|
4
|
3/65 (5%)
|
40/77 (52%)
|
|
43/142 (30%)
|
6
|
1/65 (2%)
|
2//77 (3%)
|
|
3/142 (2%)
|
Spacer used with ICS device, n (%) |
— |
72/77 (93.5%) |
— |
— |
Medication Adherence based on MARS-5 questionnaire, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Nonadherent (score <23) |
14/61 (23%) |
15/67 (22%) |
0.939 |
29/128 (23%) |
Adherent (score \(\geq\)23) |
47/61 (77%) |
52/67 (78%) |
|
99/128
(77%) |
Inhaler Technique Score, median (IQR)
|
100 (100, 100)
(n=54)
|
91 (91, 100)
(n=42)
|
<0.001
|
100 (91, 100)
(n=96)
|