Characteristics DPI (n=65) MDI (n=77) P-value Total (n=142)
Demographics
Age, years, mean (SD) 12.8 (2.2) 10.8 (3.0) <0.001 11.7 (2.9)
Female, n (%) 28/65 (43%) 30/77 (39%) 0.619 58/142 (41%)
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian 56/65 (86%) 54/77 (70%) 0.023 110/142 (23%)
Non-Caucasian 9/65 (14%) 23/77 (30%) 32/142 (77%)
Body mass index (BMI) z-score, mean (SD) 0.47 (1.37) 0.57 (1.21) 0.637 0.52 (1.28)
Smoking exposure, n (%) 22/61 (36%) 18/74 (24%) 0.137 40/135 (30%)
Country of inclusion, n (%)
Spain 27/65 (42%) 23/77 (30%) <0.001 50/142 (35%)
Germany 6/65 (9%) 32/77 (42%) 38/142 (27%)
The Netherlands 10/65 (15%) 21/77 (27%) 31/142 (22%)
Slovenia 22/65 (34%) 1/77 (1%) 23/142 (16%)
Clinical characteristics
Asthma control status, n (%)
Uncontrolled 40/65 (62%) 48/77 (62%) 0.922 88/142 (62%)
Asthma Severity, n (%)
Moderate 39/65 (60%) 26/77 (34%) 0.002 65/142 (46%)
Severe 26/65 (40%) 51/77 (66%) 77/142 (54%)
ACT score, median (IQR) 23 (20, 25) (n=65) 22 (18, 24) (n=72) 0.401 23 (20, 25) (n=137)
Lung function test, median (IQR)
FEV1 % predicted pre-salbutamol 90.7 (81.1, 98.2) (n=64) 97.5 (85.8, 106.1) (n=75) 0.010 93.7 (82.7, 103.3) (n=139)
FEV1 % predicted post-salbutamol 98.3 (89.0, 103.2) (n=64) 102.6 (92.0, 110.7) (n=73) 0.019 99.6 (89.6, 108.6) (n=137)
Bronchodilator reversibility (Change in FEV1≥12% after salbutamol intake), n (%) 21/64 (33%) 11/73 (15%) 0.014 32/137 (23%)
ICS type, n (%)
Beclomethasone 4/65 (6%) 11/77 (14%) <0.001 15/142 (11%)
Budesonide 14/65 (22%) 0/77 (0%) 14/142 (10%)
Ciclesonide 0/65 (0%) 1/77 (1%) 1/142 (1%)
Fluticasone 47/65 (72%) 65/77 (84%) 112/142 (79%)
ICS dosage*, n (%)
Low 40/65 (62%) 26/77 (34%) <0.001 66/142 (46%)
Medium 10/65 (15%) 36/77 (47%) 46/142 (32%)
High 15/65 (23%) 15/77 (19%) 30/142 (21%)
ICS intervals (per day), n (%)
1 15/65 (23%) 1/77 (1%) <0.001 16/142 (11%)
2 45/65 (69%) 34/77 (44%) 79/142 (56%)
3 1/65 (2%) 0/77 (0%) 1/142 (1%)
4 3/65 (5%) 40/77 (52%) 43/142 (30%)
6 1/65 (2%) 2//77 (3%) 3/142 (2%)
Spacer used with ICS device, n (%) 72/77 (93.5%)
Medication Adherence based on MARS-5 questionnaire, n (%)
Nonadherent (score <23) 14/61 (23%) 15/67 (22%) 0.939 29/128 (23%)
Adherent (score \(\geq\)23) 47/61 (77%) 52/67 (78%) 99/128 (77%)
Inhaler Technique Score, median (IQR) 100 (100, 100) (n=54) 91 (91, 100) (n=42) <0.001 100 (91, 100) (n=96)