Clinical history
A 1-year-old male patient presented with a 4-month duration of intermittent difficulty with urination that progressively worsened, leading to multiple episodes of acute urinary retention that required catheterization multiple times before he was referred to our center. The family also complained of constipation. Otherwise, the patient was free of fever or surgical interventions.
He is the fifth child in his family and was born by caesarian section for an indication of prolonged labor. He cried immediately after birth and did not require neonatal intensive care. He is vaccinated according to the Ethiopian national immunization program. On physical examination, the child appeared comfortable and had stable vital signs (respiratory rate: 26/min, pulse rate: 96/min, and temperature: 36.5 degrees Celsius). His middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) was 12 cm, corresponding to moderate acute malnutrition. An abdominal examination revealed only a distended bladder. No signs of ascites or organ enlargement were present.