Neighborhood crime exposure
Neighborhood crime exposure indices were obtained from CrimeRisk (Applied Geographic Solutions, 2015), which is a database containing geocoded information about crime risk indices for multiple types of crime including property (i.e., burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft) and personal (i.e., murder, rape, robbery, assault) crime rates for each zip code within the target county. Crime risk indices, reflecting the relative risk of a crime occurring in an area compared to the national average, were calculated from a thorough analysis of crime reports in the target county across a 7‐year period. A score of “100” reflects the national average for each crime statistic.