Dependent Variables |
Quality of Care |
Overall Quality Star Rating |
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) |
|
Patient Satisfaction |
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare
Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey – Overall Star Rating |
Center
for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) |
Independent Variables |
Patient Engagement |
Whether a hospital has an
established patient and family advisory council (PFAC) |
American
Hospital Association (AHA) Hospital Survey |
|
Physical Resource |
Total fixed asset (logged) |
RAND Hospital
Data |
|
Financial Resource |
Net patient revenue (logged) |
RAND Hospital
Data |
|
Human Resource |
Number of full-time equivalent physicians and
dentists (per bed) |
American Hospital Association (AHA) Hospital
Survey |
|
|
Number of full-time equivalent registered nurses (per bed) |
American Hospital Association (AHA) Hospital Survey |
|
Social and Institutional Resource |
Percentage of minority (non-white)
population |
U.S. Census |
Control Variables |
Hospital Size |
Number of beds (logged) |
American
Hospital Association (AHA) Hospital Survey |
|
Teaching Affiliation Status |
Whether a hospital is a major or minor
teaching affiliation hospital |
RAND Hospital Data |
|
Medicare Discharge (%) |
Percentage of Medicare discharge |
RAND
Hospital Data |
|
Medicaid Discharge (%) |
Percentage of Medicaid discharge |
RAND
Hospital Data |
|
Community Demand for Financial Assistance |
Unreimbursed and
uncompensated care costs (logged, except charity care) |
RAND Hospital
Data |
|
Case Mix Index (CMI) |
Case Mix Index |
RAND Hospital
Data |
|
Total Population |
Number of population in a county (logged) |
U.S.
Census |
|
Population over 65 Years Old (%) |
Percentage of the population aged
over 65 in a county |
U.S. Census |
|
Personal Income |
per capita personal income in a county |
U.S. Bureau
of Economic Analysis |
|
Uninsured rate (%) |
Percentage of uninsured population in a county |
U.S. Census |
Note: All variables measured in dollar amounts are converted to 2018
real value using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) |
|
|
|