VARIABLES Quality of Care
Without Patient Engagement With Patient Engagement
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Beta Odd Ratio Beta Odd Ratio
Physical Resource 0.526*** 1.692 0.286* 1.331
(0.150) (0.151)
Financial Resource 0.0936 1.097 0.186 1.204
(0.289) (0.208)
Human Resource_ Physicians and Dentists per Bed 0.629** 1.876 0.222 1.249
(0.321) (0.270)
Human Resource_ Registered Nurses per Bed 0.0854 1.089 0.585*** 1.795
(0.0818) (0.126)
Social and Institutional Resource_ Minority Population % -2.924*** 0.054 -4.152*** 0.016
(0.918) (0.809)
Ownership_Forprofit 0.0421 1.043 -0.908** 0.407
(0.408) (0.369)
Ownership_Non-profit 1.392*** 4.023 0.150 1.162
(0.309) (0.254)
Hospital Size -0.968*** 0.383 -0.814*** 0.445
(0.285) (0.235)
Teaching Status -0.735*** 0.482 -0.709*** 0.497
(0.269) (0.196)
Medicare Discharge 3.276** 26.470 3.125*** 22.760
(1.305) (1.040)
Medicaid Discharge -1.072 0.343 -2.072** 0.126
(1.007) (0.937)
Community Demand for Financial Assistance -0.310** 0.733 -0.362*** 0.698
(0.150) (0.122)
CMI Index 1.310* 3.706 1.745*** 5.726
(0.686) (0.438)
Total Population -0.316** 0.733 0.0974 1.102
(0.134) (0.100)
Population over 65 Years Old -6.761* 0.001 -5.208* 0.006
(3.570) (3.100)
Personal Income 2.663*** 14.339 0.402 1.495
(0.671) (0.439)
Uninsured Rate 2.867 17.584 1.522 4.581
(2.703) (2.338)
2019Year -0.480*** 0.619 -0.200** 0.819
(0.148) (0.0943)
2020Year 0.609*** 1.839 0.817*** 2.264
(0.218) (0.141)
Observations 1,107 2,370
Number of Hospitals 590 1,038
Robust standard errors in parentheses *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 Note: Estimated cut points are omitted here.