Figure 2 Differential gene expression analysis of damselfish retinal transcriptomes. A) PCA of the larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the eleven species investigated in this study (n = 93 samples). The two grey boxes indicate the major clusters derived from a split between the expression in larvae vs juveniles and adults. Three major species clusters are also portrayed. These are, from the top to the bottom: a cluster comprising the two species from the Chrominae sub-family (Dascyllus aruanus and Chromis atripectoralis ); a second cluster comprising most Pomacentrinae species (all Pomacentrus spp., Chrysiptera flavipinnis , Neoglyphidodon melas andDischistodus perspicillatus) ; a third cluster for the anemonefishAmphiprion akindynos . B) PCA of the three developmental stages ofP. amboinensis . Larval, juvenile, and adult samples cluster separately. C) Heatmap depicting scaled (z-score) expression levels of the top 1000 variable genes in the three stages of P. amboinensis . Genes are grouped on the y-axis into four major clusters based on their gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.