Figure 4 Overview of ultraviolet- (UV) wavelength sensitivesws1 opsin gene evolution, gene expression and UV patterns in the eleven species of damselfish investigated. From the left: damselfish species tree, with the suggested timeline of gene duplication, loss, and gene conversion (double arrow); expression at any developmental stage ofsws1 in the retina; presence at any developmental stage of complex UV patterns; and relative sws1 opsin expression in adult specimen (see Table 1 for detailed opsin gene expression data). Note that the sws1 duplication likely occurred in the Pomacentrinae ancestor, and the sws1β copy was lost in the ancestor of the Cheiloprionini tribe. Gene conversion occurred between theNeoglyphidodon melas sws1 copies (see Fig. S2 for details). The damselfish phylogeny was modified from McCord et al. , 2021.