Stimulatory effect of flight-training across multiple tissues
(H1c)
Lipid hydroperoxide concentration in the liver was lowest in
flight-trained birds compared to untrained birds at RC (Fig. 4A;
T93 = 1.253, P < 0.001). There were no
differences in lipid hydroperoxide concentration in the pectoralis (Fig.
4A; T95 = 1.000, P = 0.108) or in plasma d-ROM levels
(Table S2; T88 = 2.120, P = 0.107) at RC between
flight-trained and untrained birds. Antioxidant capacity was also not
affected by 15 days of flight training in the plasma (Table S2; RC,
T89 = 1.102, P = 0.274), liver (Fig. 4B, Table S4;
Hydroxyl, T92 = -0.744, P = 0.459, Peroxyl,
T92 = -1.501, P = 0.137), or pectoralis (Fig. 4B, Table
S4; Hydroxyl, T92 = -1.939, P = 0.056, Peroxyl,
T96 = 0.683, P = 0.496). These lipid damage results
provide evidence for the stimulatory effect of flight-training (H1c) in
the liver but not in the pectoralis or plasma, whereas there is no
evidence for such a stimulatory effect on antioxidant capacity.