c
Figure 2
(a) Locations of study sites along the Butokamabetsu River, Hokkaido,
Japan. Sampling was conducted at 25 paleo- and extant- side channels of
the Butokamabetsu River. Sampling sites were categorized in four
hydrological connectivity groups based on presence/absence of flow at
flood peak, flood recession timing, and presence of flow at low flow
(represented by the colours). (b) Seasonal change in the discharge of
the Butokamabetsu River from April to December 2021. (Data provided by
Hokkaido electric power company). The three triangles indicate the
timings of spring, summer, and autumn surveys. The bands at the bottom
show the hydrological connectivity of each habitat category across
seasons; gray indicates ‘ice covered’, black indicates ‘flowing’, and
white indicates ‘no flow’.