(Wang et al. 2011) of this species. The seven age classes are (1) germinated seeds, (2) seedlings with DBH < 2.5 cm, (3) saplings with 2.5 cm ≤ DBH < 12.5 cm,(4) medium trees with 12.5 cm ≤ DBH < 22.5 cm, (5) medium trees with 22.5 cm ≤ DBH < 32.5 cm, (6) large trees with 32.5 cm ≤ DBH < 42.5 cm, and (7) large trees with DBH ≥ 42.5 cm. Germinated seeds were estimated from a previous study on seed rain and germination of Q. chungii (see below), while data of age classes 2–7 were from field survey of this study. We obtained all the age classes in 2023, while only age classes 3–7 were available in 2013.