Overview of collection sites
Samples were collected from three different localities during 2022–2023, including Huangshan City, Anhui Province (118°0’–118°2’E and 30°14’N, altitude 197–220 m), Guiyang City, Guizhou Province (106°9’–106°49’E and 26°77’–27°11’N, altitude 941–1 232 m), and Yongxing County, Hunan Province (112°22’–112°23’E, 26°14’–26°15’N, altitude 318–319 m) in China. The three locations feature subtropical monsoon climates. The habitats of the Anhui and Hunan populations are primarily composed of scrub and bamboo forests adjacent to streams, while the habitats of the Guizhou population predominantly consist of wooded areas adjacent to streams (Fig. 1).