Traits Seed source of region (SS) Soil moisture treatment (SM) Mean ± SE Results of two-way ANOVA
Control Light drought Heavy drought SS SM SS × SM
Number of tillers The eastern region 21.181±1.132 17.389±1.035 13.889±1.217 17.486±0.680a F=6.017 P=0.002 F=22.936 P<0.001 F=0.623 P=0.659
The middle region 19.111±1.111 17.486±1.167 12.278±1.046 16.292±0.667ab
The western region 16.042±1.389 15.389±1.196 11.167±1.189 14.199±0.740b
Mean ± SE 18.778±0.714α 16.755±0.655β 12.444±0.667γ
Plant height The eastern region 25.281±0.550 24.560±0.878 17.611±1.081 22.484±0.550a F=8.609 P<0.001 F=44.316 P<0.001 F=0.424 P=0.792
The middle region 23.885±0.767 23.249±0.919 18.144±1.050 21.760±0.556a
The western region 22.253±1.253 21.095±1.179 14.273±1.248 19.207±0.745b
Mean ± SE 23.813±0.525α 22.977±0.582α 16.687±0.659β
Aboveground biomass The eastern region 0.646±0.049 0.641±0.049 0.386±0.045 0.558±0.028a F=4.345 P=0.013 F=27.800 P<0.001 F=0.344 P=0.848
The middle region 0.528±0.044 0.562±0.048 0.294±0.027 0.461±0.025ab
The western region 0.573±0.057 0.500±0.052 0.299±0.050 0.458±0.032b
Mean ± SE 0.582±0.029α 0.568±0.029α 0.327±0.024β
Belowground biomass The eastern region 0.760±0.069 0.594±0.067 0.334±0.038 0.563±0.037a F=3.992 P=0.019 F=52.003 P<0.001 F=0.313 P=0.869
The middle region 0.788±0.073 0.579±0.055 0.256±0.030 0.541±0.036ab
The western region 0.630±0.072 0.503±0.056 0.187±0.029 0.440±0.035b
Mean ± SE 0.726±0.041α 0.559±0.034β 0.259±0.019γ
Net photosynthetic rate, Pn The eastern region 9.071±1.255 6.973±1.001bαβ 5.092±0.665 7.045±0.626b F=21.531 P<0.001 F=33.778 P<0.001 F=12.329 P<0.001
The middle region 9.854±0.795 12.157±0.860 2.516±0.474 8.176±0.806b
The western region 18.789±1.622 8.545±1.169 9.465±0.919 12.266±1.058a
Mean ± SE 12.571±1.031α 9.225±0.679β 5.691±0.627γ
Transpiration rate, Tr The eastern region 0.00201±0.00038 0.00148±0.00018b 0.00146±0.00021a 0.00165±0.00016 F=0.472 P=0.625 F=15.925 P<0.001 F=8.276 P<0.001
The middle region 0.00197±0.00019β 0.00261±0.00020 0.00039±0.00010 0.00165±0.00019
The western region 0.00319±0.00055α 0.00108±0.00029 0.00129±0.00026 0.00185±0.00027
Mean ± SE 0.00239±0.00024α 0.00172±0.00017β 0.00105±0.00014γ
Stomatal conductance, Gs The eastern region 0.087±0.017b 0.063±0.008b 0.063±0.010a 0.071±0.007 F=0.303 P=0.740 F=19.938 P<0.001 F=10.422 P<0.001
The middle region 0.088±0.009 0.115±0.010 0.016±0.004 0.073±0.008
The western region 0.175±0.026 0.052±0.013 0.063±0.011 0.097±0.014
Mean ± SE 0.117±0.013α 0.077±0.008β 0.047±0.006γ