Associated Factors
COPD prevalence is influenced by various demographic factors. Gender disparities have been observed, with men historically exhibiting higher rates of COPD. However, recent trends indicate an increasing prevalence among women, particularly in regions where smoking rates among women have risen [4]. Socioeconomic status also plays a crucial role, with higher prevalence rates in deprived communities. For instance, in England, the prevalence of COPD was significantly higher among the most deprived populations compared to the least deprived [5].
Ethnic disparities are also notable. In the United States, non-Hispanic white populations have higher reported rates of COPD compared to other racial and ethnic groups. This variation is partially attributed to differences in smoking rates, occupational exposures, and access to healthcare [2].