Sample size
Hodgson et al.6 reported that the rate of successful intubation on the first attempt without physiological instability was 31% in newborns who did not receive additional respiratory support during intubation. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the success rate of intubation on the first attempt without physiological instability would increase from 31% to 54% upon the implementation of NIPPV during intubation. The sample size was calculated using the “G*Power 3.1.9.4” program with a type I error of 5% level and a power of 80%. Accordingly, it was concluded that 75 intubation episodes were required for each group, and 150 intubation episodes were required in total.