Study enrollment
The patients were included in an ongoing study of DBS for
treatment-resistant depression at the University Hospital of Northern
Sweden in UmeƄ after signing an informed consent. MDD and GAD were
diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) (19). Treatment resistance was
defined as four or more trials of standard treatments for depression,
i.e. psychotherapy, pharmacological, or ECT.