2.2 Combustion materials and smoke generation system
Combustion utilizes non-metallic substances such as polyimide foam,
rubber, sound insulation pads, acrylic paint, floor adhesive, nitrile
rubber, and modified ethylene resin. These components are proportioned
for a standard cruise ship room volume of 60 m3. To
ensure consistent combustion and smoke generation, materials are
pulverized into fine particles (50-300 mesh) using a solid sample
crusher and thoroughly mixed. This preparation seeks to minimize the
variability in the smoke produced during combustion.
The combustion control system (HOPE-MED 8054F, designed and manufactured
by Tianjin Heping Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China), was deployed
in this study. The prepared materials were placed in a tube furnace and
heated at a rate of 20°C/min until the target temperature of 600°C was
achieved. Smoke generation began at 300°C. Thereafter, the circulation
pump was activated, introducing combustion gas into the toxic chamber.
The smoke generated by the HOPE-MED 8054F during the first 20 minutes
was collected in a Tedlar® Gas Sampling Bag (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for use
in the subsequent modeling of acute lung injury in an organ-on-chip
system.
A portable Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) (Gasmet
DX-4020) was used to analyze smoke composition in real-time during
combustion. The FTIR analyzer was preconditioned for 10 minutes. Pure
nitrogen gas was used to calibrate the gas chamber as the background.
Within the spectral range of 4000-400 cm-1, 50 gas
components were identified for rapid quantification of the gases emitted
during combustion. Sampling analysis was performed at one-minute
intervals until combustion ceased.