Fig.4. Immune responses associated with smoke-induced lung injury in the chip model.
Comparative expression levels of inflammation and apoptosis-associated genes in the epithelial or endothelial layers of the chip with versus without smoke stimulation were assessed. Three independent assays were conducted on the chip; findings are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). n=3.
Quantification of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion from the endothelial layer of the chip after smoke exposure, with or without THP-1 cell interaction. The results are based on three separate experiments and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). n=9.