Company Notes Reference
Bangpu Ni/Co High-tech Co. Stabilisation of spent LIBs in brine solution. (Natarajan & Aravindan, 2018)
Batrec Industrie Stabilisation and storage of the batteries in water, followed by wet shredding under water. The loading of cells into the water is kept sufficiently low to ensure any hydrogen produced remains below flash-point concentrations. (Rädecker, 2024)
BDT Batteries are crushed under a sodium hydroxide solution without prior discharging. (Cardarelli & Dube, 2001)
Cwenga Technologies Shredding of batteries under aqueous solution of calcium chloride with gas recovery. (Linnenkoper, 2022)
EcoBat (G&P Batteries, Promesa) The Promesa process originally shredded the batteries under an aqueous solution. (Träger, et al., 2015), (Sojka, et al., 2020), (Pinegar & Smith, 2019)
Euro Dieuze Industrie (SARP) Stabilisation and storage of the batteries in water, followed by wet shredding under water. (Latini, et al., 2022; Sojka, et al., 2020)
Green Eco Manufacture (GEM) Batteries are discharged by immersion in a sodium hydroxide solution before shredding. (Wang, et al., 2011)
LiCycle Submersion in a solution of Ca(OH)2 and NaCl for discharging and shredding. (Latini, et al., 2022)
Neometals Stabilisation using a brine solution (salt used is not disclosed). (Latini, et al., 2022)
Retriev (ToxCo) Presently, the cells are crushed under an aqueous LiOH solution. This hydrolyses the exposed lithium and cools the batteries to prevent thermal runaway. (Harper, et al., 2019), (Makwarimba, et al., 2022), (Latini, et al., 2022), (Grandjean, et al., 2019), (Smith & Swoffer, 2013)
SungEel HiTech (SungEel MCC Americas) Stabilisation in a brine solution before shredding and hydrometallurgical processes (SungEel HiTech, 2022)
Taisen Recycling Wet shredding of the batteries in water. (Avicenne Energy, 2018)