Especially in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, fault-tolerant quantum computing cannot be realized without quantum error correction. High error rates in quantum systems stemming from decoherence and gate defects call for effective and flexible QEC systems. This paper presents a novel FPGA-based architecture using dynamic reconfiguration to maximize hardware resources in response to real-time error patterns. Supporting bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing faults among several error correction techniques guarantees high accuracy and little hardware overhead. Scaled for surface code distances up to and beyond, the design combines modular pipelines, adaptive hardware allocation, and error pattern detection. Designed on a Xilinx XC7A50T-CPG236 FPGA, the system showed notable gains over static architecture, averaging 30% lower latency and 20% less resource use overall. Low latency and high throughput are maintained while this dynamic technique enables flexible adaptability to several quantum error models. The outcomes show how well this structure may improve quantum error-correcting systems and enable the incorporation of QEC into useful quantum computer configurations.