Figure 1. Distribution of the sampled localities in the Madeira archipelago (Madeira, Porto Santo and Desertas islands). Blue empty triangle: Hogna insularum ; orange empty circle: Hogna maderiana ; purple asterisk: Hogna ingens ; green asterisk:Hogna nonannulata ; grey cross: Hogna sp . Photograph ofH. insularum in blue. A female specimen with ootheca in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso. Photograph of H. maderiana in orange. A female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso.