Conclusion:
Although rare, brown bone tumors should always be considered in cases of
lytic bone lesions to avoid overlooking hyperparathyroidism.
Treatment of hyperparathyroidism brown tumors requires normalization of
serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels prior to any surgical
procedure. Resolution of the lesion is expected after gland function has
stabilized. In some patients, the brown tumor continues to grow even
after hyperparathyroidism has been controlled; in these cases, resection
is mandatory. The brown tumor is considered a reparative granuloma
rather than a true neoplasm and has no potential for malignant
transformation.
Key clinical message: This case report highlights the importance of
considering secondary hyperparathyroidism as a potential cause of
jawbone lesions. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying
hyperparathyroidism can lead to resolution of the bone lesions and
improve overall patient outcomes.