Results: After excluding patients who were unable to maintain sinus rhythm during bepridil administration (n=18), and those who disagreed to bepridil discontinuation (n=17), 95 patients were divided into the short-term continuation (bepridil discontinued for <6 months [median 3.0 months] after CA [n=63]), and long-term continuation (bepridil discontinued for >6 months [median 11.4 months] after CA [n=32]) groups. During the mean follow-up period of 28±15 months, the groups showed a similar incidence of recurrent AF after bepridil discontinuation. In the long-term continuation group, 13 patients had recurrence, with 8 (62%) cases occurring within 4 months after discontinuation. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that left atrial (LA) reverse remodeling (>15% decrease in LA volume index at 6 months) was an independent predictor of recurrent AF after CA (p<0.01).