To observe the outcomes following the discontinuation of bepridil, cases in which bepridil discontinuation was not attempted as well as those in which AF was noted before bepridil discontinuation were excluded. Patients with any history of cardiomyopathy, moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease, or renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dl) were also excluded. None of the patients reported any history of hospitalization associated with heart failure. This study was approved by the Institutional Research Board of the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. Niigata, Japan, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.