Methods: We administered hybrid therapy consisting of CA and bepridil to 130 patients with persistent AF and left atrial (LA) enlargement (volume index >48 ml/m²). After a 2-month of hybrid therapy, bepridil discontinuation was attempted. All patients underwent echocardiography 6 months after CA. We investigated the relationship between the duration of bepridil administration and the recurrence of AF after bepridil discontinuation.