A new diver-held tool that directly measures the total magnetic gradient
using a single total-field magnetometer sensor, for locating buried
ferrous objects in magnetically challenging environments
Abstract
A new diver-held magnetometer has been developed that directly senses
the total magnetic gradient as a scalar quantity, independent of the
orientation of the device. It therefore provides a direct signal if a
magnetic (e.g. ferrous) object is in its vicinity, regardless of other
ambient geomagnetic effects. The small (7cm diameter x75cm length),
battery-powered device is neutrally buoyant, and provides a simple and
intuitive audio interface to the diver. The device was field tested in
July 2019 during the Lost Ships of Cortés Project offshore Villa Rica,
Mexico, an area with strong underlying volcanic geology and large
quantities of magnetic sediment that mask buried archaeological
materials. Magnetic anomalies were recorded during boat-towed
total-field magnetometer surveys, but divers could not identify their
source using traditional underwater metal detectors. The new
magnetometer decisively and precisely guided divers to an early
16th-century anchor at a range of several meters that was completely
buried in magnetite-rich sand with its shallowest point at 50cm below
the sea floor.