Abstract
The system of trade wind cumulus clouds observed during the RICO field
project was simulated by an LES model over a 50x50 km2 domain size.
Parameters of latent heat release were analyzed with the goal of
parameterizing their effects on grids typical for NWP and large-scale
models. Over 2000 clouds were examined focusing on relationship between
parameters of latent heat release (phase transition rates) and
dynamical/microphysical cloud characteristics. The phase transition
rates (Tr), which in warm tropical clouds are represented by processes
of condensation/evaporation, were analyzed by stratifying the clouds by
their size/stage of maturity. The analyzed parameters included, among
others, integral mass and buoyancy fluxes, cloud and rain water
parameters. In our previous investigation we found that a remarkably
strong correlation exists between Tr and upward mass flux (ℳ). The
strong dependence of phase transition rates on ℳ, as well as linear
relationship between Tr and ℳ, was explained by applying the
condensation theory and the concept of “quasi-steady” supersaturation.
The LES derived slope of the linear fit agreed with its theoretically
predicted value with an error less than 5%. This result implies that
supersaturation in clouds, on average, varies within a few percentage
points of its quasi-steady value. The theory, as well as LES data, show
that the Tr - ℳ linear fit is valid for local variables, and, therefore,
may be integrated to obtain horizontal mean parameters. Expanding the Tr
- ℳ relationship for vertically dependent horizontal mean variables, may
provide the framework for development of sub-grid scale (SGS) latent
heat release parameterization. It was also suggested that calculating
the slope of the linear fit from concurrent measurements of temperature
and vertical velocity, and comparing it with the theoretical slope based
on the quasi-steady supersaturation assumption, may offer a method for
estimating the supersaturation in clouds.