Elucidating microbial species-specific effects on organic matter
transformation in marine sediments
Abstract
Microbial transformation and decomposition of organic matter in
sediments constitutes one of the largest fluxes of carbon in marine
environments. Mineralization of sedimentary organic matter by
microorganisms results in selective degradation such that bioavailable
or accessible compounds are rapidly metabolized while more recalcitrant,
complex compounds are preserved and buried in sediment (Mahmoudi et al.,
2017). Recent studies have found that the ability to use different
carbon sources appears to vary among microorganisms, suggesting that the
availability of certain pools of carbon can be specific to the taxa that
utilize the pool. This implies that organic matter mineralization in
marine environments may depend on the metabolic potential of the
microbial populations that are present and active. The goal of our study
was to investigate the extent to which organic matter availability and
transformation may be species-specific using sediment from Guaymas Basin
(Gulf of California). We carried out time-series incubations using
bacterial isolates and sterilized sediment in the IsoCaRB system
(Beaupre et al., 2016) which allowed us to measure the production rates
and natural isotopic signatures (δ13C and Δ14C) of microbially-respired
CO2. Separate incubations using two different marine bacterial isolates
(Vibrio sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.) and sterilized Guaymas Basin
sediment under oxic conditions showed that the rate and total quantity
of organic matter metabolized by these two species differs.
Approximately twice as much CO2 was collected during the Vibrio sp.
incubation compared to the Pseudoalteromonas sp. incubation. Moreover,
the rate at which organic matter was metabolized by the Vibrio sp. was
much higher than the Pseudoalteromonas sp. indicating the intrinsic
availability of organic matter in sediments may depend on the species
that is present and active. Isotopic analyses of microbially respired
CO2 will be used to constrain the type and age of organic matter that is
accessible to each species. Moreover, molecular analysis of subsamples
collected from each incubation will link carbon utilization with the
underlying gene expression. Our study sheds light on the degree to which
the metabolic capacities of microorganisms affect carbon transformation
in sedimentary environments.