Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is critically endangered throughout
its distribution range. Knowledge about age distribution of future
spawners (silver eels) is essential to monitor the status and contribute
to the recovery of this species. Determination of age in anguillid eels
is challenging, especially in eels from the northern part of the
distribution area where growth is slow and age at maturation can be up
to 30 years or more. Eels from the river Imsa in Norway have been
monitored since 1975 and this reference time-series has been used to
assess the stock at the European level. Population dynamics in this
catchment were analyzed during the late 1980s by estimating ages on
whole cleared otoliths. However, techniques for revealing annual
increments on otoliths have evolved over the years sometimes yielding
significant differences in age estimates. In this study, the historical
otolith data were reanalyzed using a grinding and polishing method
rather than reading the whole otolith. The new age estimates were
considerably higher than the previous ones, sometimes by up to 29 years.
Since the 1980s, mean age of silver eels only slightly increased (from
19 to 21 years in the 2010s). This was mainly due to the disappearance
of younger silver eels (less than 15 years) in the 2010s. The new age
estimates agreed with the steep decline in recruitment which occurred in
the late 1980s in the Imsa catchment. Growth (30 mm y-1) has not changed
since the 1980s, although density in the catchment has decreased.
Revealing and reading age of slow growing eels remain a challenge but
adding a measure of otolith reading uncertainty may improve age data
collection and contribute to recovery measures for this species.