The effect of the expression of the antiapoptotic BHRF1 gene on the
metabolic behavior of a hybridoma cell line
Abstract
One of the most important limitations of mammalian cells-based
bioprocesses, and particularly hybridoma cell cultures, is the
deregulated metabolism related to glucose and glutamine consumption. The
high uptake rates of glucose and glutamine (being both the main
nutrients used as a carbon, nitrogen and energy sources) yields to the
production and accumulation of large amounts of lactate and ammonia in
the culture broth. Lactate and/or ammonia accumulation, together with
the depletion of the main nutrients are the major causes that triggers
the apoptosis in hybridoma cell cultures. The KB26.5 hybridoma cell line
producing an IgG3 (used in the ABO blood testing system) was engineered
with BHRF1 protein (KB26.5-BHRF1), an Epstein–Barr virus-encoded early
protein homologous to the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, with the aim of
protecting the cell line from apoptosis. Surprisingly, besides achieving
an effective protection from apoptosis, the expression of BHRF1 modified
significantly the metabolism of the hybridoma cell line. The comparison
of cell physiology and metabolism analysis of the original KB26.5 and
KB26.5-BHRF1 revealed an increase of cell growth rate, a reduction of
glucose and glutamine consumption, as well as a decrease on lactate
secretion in KB26.5-BHRF1 cells. The flux balance analysis allowed
quantifying intracellular fluxes of both cell lines. The main metabolic
differences were identified in the glucose consumption and,
consequently, the lactate generation. The lactate production flux was
reduced by 60% since the need for NADH regeneration in the cytoplasm
decreased due to the glucose uptake reduction by more than 50%. In
general terms, BHRF1 engineered cell line showed a more efficient
metabolism yielding to an increase of the biomass volumetric
productivity under identical culture conditions.