Abstract
We have explored the structural and energetic properties of a series of
RMX3–NH3 (M=Si, Ge; X=F, Cl;
R=CH3, C6H5) complexes
using density functional theory and low-temperature infrared
spectroscopy. In the minimum-energy structures, the NH3
binds axially to a halogen, while the organic group resides in
equatorial site about the metal. Remarkably, the primary mode of
interaction in several of these systems seems to be hydrogen bonding
(C-H–N), rather than a tetrel N-M interaction. This is particularly
clear for the RMCl3–NH3 complexes, and
analyses of the charge distributions of the acid fragment corroborate
this assessment. We also identified a set of metastable geometries in
which the ammonia binds axial to the organic substituent. Acid fragment
charge analysis also provide a clear rationale as to why these
configurations are less stable than their R-equatorial counterparts. In
matrix-IR experiments, we see clear evidence of the minimum-energy form
of CH3SiCl3–NH3, but
analogous results for CH3GeCl3–NH3 are
less conclusive. Computational scans of the M-N distance potentials for
CH3SiCl3–NH3 and
CH3GeCl3–NH3, both in
the gas phase and bulk dielectric media reveal a great deal of
anharmonicity, and a propensity for condensed-phase structural change.