Germline development and seed set of metallophyte Biscutella laevigata
L. (Brassicaceae).
Abstract
The costs of Biscutella laevigata adaptation, a facultative
metallophyte, to an environment polluted with heavy metals were
established by analyzing the differences in embryological processes
between plants from two populations in Southern Poland (a mountain, in
the Tatra Mountains and calamine, in Bolesław). Disturbances in male and
female lineage development and degeneration processes occurred in the
anthers and ovules of plants from both populations, but with a higher
frequency in the calamine population where A part of stamens/anthers and
ovules in flowers were in a stage of degenertion. which could be
interpreted as a strategy to save resources limited by the environment.
The distribution of high-esterified homogalacturonan detected by LM20
antibody in the cell walls of embryos from the calamine population could
be part of a resistance/defense system. The results from both
populations indicate that B. laevigata has already developed
adaptation/tolerance, enabling maintenance of the calamine population
over time. Tolerant species could be an important source for
revitalization and/or phytoremediation of polluted environments.