Validation of a Hospital Clinical Pharmacy Workforce Calculator: A
methodology for Pharmacy?
Abstract
Abstract Background The benefits of hospital clinical pharmacy services
are well established, though staff numbers required for its delivery
have not been well described, leading to variation in pharmacy staffing
between hospitals. The need to identify a consistent, objective method
of determining staffing levels was recognised at a UK University
Hospital and a Clinical Pharmacy Workforce Calculator (CPWC) was
developed. Objective To report on the validation of the CPWC across
acute hospital settings in Great Britain. Method Using the World Health
Organisation’s Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) methodology,
a two-round Delphi consensus study with an Expert Panel of UK hospital
pharmacy managers was undertaken to develop the Activity Standard for
pharmaceutical care and to identify the time unavailable for clinical
work inherent in employing staff. Consenting Panel members then tested
the CPWC by calculating the staff resource required for three staffing
scenarios to determine whether it could be reliably used by different
operators. Results Thirty-six participants consented to participate, and
data was returned from 22 participants (61%) of whom 20 (56%) supplied
analysable data. Consensus was achieved on the tasks required for
pharmaceutical care delivery, the mean time each takes, the frequency of
completion and the unavailable time in the employment of each grade of
staff identified. The CPWC uses this data in an algorithm to calculate
staffing requirements. Eleven participants (55%) tested the CPWC and
analysis of their responses showed that 31 of 33 (94%) calculations
were accurately completed using the CPWC. Conclusion This study has
defined the WISN Activity Standard for pharmaceutical care delivery to
hospital inpatients and validated the CPWC for acute medical and
surgical hospital settings. The CPWC offers hospital pharmacy managers a
useful tool to negotiate adequate staffing to deliver pharmaceutical
care and its development methodology could be applied widely in pharmacy
practice internationally.