Development of Cell-based High Throughput Luminescence Assay for Drug
Discovery in Inhibiting OCT4 and DNA-PKcs Interaction
Abstract
Amplification-independent c-MYC overexpression is suggested in multiple
cancers. Targeting c-MYC activity has therapeutic potential, but efforts
thus far have been mostly unsuccessful. To find a druggable target to
modulate c-MYC activity in cancer, we identified two kinases, MAPKAPK2
and the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which
phosphorylate the S111 and the S93 residues of OCT4, respectively, to
transcriptionally activate c-MYC. Using these observations, we present
here a novel cell-based luminescence assay to identify compounds that
inhibit the interaction between DNA-PKcs and OCT4. After screening
approximately 80,000 compounds, we identified 56 compounds (“hits”)
that inhibited the luminescence reaction. Using a custom antibody
specific for pOCT4S93, the “hits” were validated for
their effect on OCT4 phosphorylation and activation. Seven compounds
were selected for the second step of validation, which focused on the
interaction between kinase and substrate. After further
characterization, we identified two compounds that significantly
impaired the ability of DNA-PKcs to bind to and phosphorylate OCT4. The
compounds demonstrate a significant ability to kill cancer cells in the
nanomolar range. In conclusion, we developed a cell-based luminescence
assay to identify novel inhibitors targeting c-MYC transcriptional
activation, and have found two compounds that may function as lead
compounds for further development.