Right ventricular free wall strain in acutely decompensated heart
failure patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
Abstract
Aims. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a predictor of adverse
outcomes among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
however, differences in RV parameters in HFrEF patients with ischemic
(ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) are not well understood.
We investigated echocardiographic characteristics, including RV strain,
in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and compared
patients with ICM and NICM etiology. Methods. Consecutive patients who
presented with ADHF and NYHA class III-IV were prospectively enrolled if
they had LVEF <40% and history of ICM or NICM. All patients
underwent clinical exam, laboratory evaluation and 2-D echocardiographic
assessment of the left ventricular (LV) and RV function, LV and RV
global longitudinal strain (LVGLS, RVGLS), and RV free wall strain
(RVfwLS). Results. Of 84 patients, 44 had ICM and 40 NICM. The groups
had similar blood pressure, NT-proBNP, and echocardiographic parameters
of LV function including LVGLS. Absolute RVGLS values were lower than
RVfwLS values in both groups. Patients with NICM had significantly lower
RVfwLS, but not RVGLS, compared to patients with ICM (-13% to -17%,
P=0.006). Similar differences in RVfwLS were seen in patients in NYHA
class III (NICM vs ICM: -13% and -17%, respectively, 95% CI: -8.5 to
-0.5) and NYHA class IV (NICM vs ICM: -13.8% and -17%, respectively,
95% CI: -6.4 to -0.59). Conclusion. Among patients hospitalized with
ADHF, patients with nonischemic etiology compared with the patients with
ICM, have worse RV dysfunction measured by RVfwLS, despite similar
extent of LV impairment and the same functional limitation class.