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Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics
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  • Ariful Islam,
  • Jinnat Ferdous,
  • Shariful Islam,
  • Md. Abu Sayeed,
  • Md Rahman,
  • Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan,
  • Tahmina Shirin
Ariful Islam
EcoHealth Alliance

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Jinnat Ferdous
EcoHealth Alliance
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Shariful Islam
EcoHealth Alliance
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Md. Abu Sayeed
EcoHealth Alliance
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Md Rahman
EcoHealth Alliance
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Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram 4225 Bangladesh
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Tahmina Shirin
Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research
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Abstract

The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophu s bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2 related viruses. Initially pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to human, but they might get infected from human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like, mink-to-mink, and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companion and captive wild animals were infected by emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species- cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters, and bats, showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confronts the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pet, and captive animals to stop spillover and spillback events. We recommend sustainable one health surveillance at animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X.
11 Jul 2021Submitted to Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
13 Jul 2021Submission Checks Completed
13 Jul 2021Assigned to Editor
14 Jul 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
04 Aug 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
05 Aug 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Major
13 Sep 20211st Revision Received
13 Sep 2021Submission Checks Completed
13 Sep 2021Assigned to Editor
15 Sep 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
24 Sep 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
25 Sep 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
14 Oct 20212nd Revision Received
15 Oct 2021Submission Checks Completed
15 Oct 2021Assigned to Editor
17 Oct 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
17 Oct 2021Editorial Decision: Accept
Sep 2022Published in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases volume 69 issue 5 on pages 2523-2543. 10.1111/tbed.14356