For all audiences: Incorporating immature stages into standardised
inventories of mega-diverse groups has a major impact on our
understanding of biodiversity patterns
Abstract
Because of their challenging taxonomy, arthropods are traditionally
underrepresented in biological inventories and monitoring programs.
However, arthropods are the largest component of biodiversity, and no
assessment can be considered informative without including them.
Arthropod immature stages are often discarded during sorting, despite
frequently representing more than half of the collected individuals. To
date, little effort has been devoted to characterising the impact of
discarding non-adult specimens on our diversity estimates. Here, we use
a metabarcoding approach to analyse spiders from white oak communities
in the Iberian Peninsula collected with standardised protocols, to
assess (1) the contribution of juvenile stages to local diversity
estimates, and (2) their effect on the diversity patterns inferred
across communities. We further investigate the ability of metabarcoding
to inform on abundance. We obtained 363 and 331 species as adults and
juveniles, respectively. Species represented only by juveniles
represented an increase of 35% with respect to those identified from
adults in the whole sampling. Differences in composition between
communities were greatly reduced when immature stages were taken
considered, especially across latitudes. Moreover, our results revealed
that metabarcoding data are to a certain extent quantitative, but some
sort of taxonomic conversion factor may be necessary to provide accurate
informative estimates. Although our findings do not question the
relevance of the information provided by adult-based inventories, they
also reveal that juveniles provide a novel and relevant layer of
knowledge that, especially in areas with marked seasonality, may
influence our interpretations, providing more accurate information from
standardised biological inventories.