Natural Resistance to COVID-19: Lessons for COVID-19 Therapy and Vaccine
Development
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member
of the Coronaviridae family that causes the novel coronavirus disease
(COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA enveloped virus that firstly emerged in
Wuhan, China, in December 2019 over the 21st century. It is rapidly
spread by human-to-human transmission through droplets or airborne
particles. COVID-19 can be complicated by acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) and severe pneumonia, depending on ACE2 and Spike
protein (as viral surface protein). It is required a proper defense
mechanism for the body to be healthy in fighting back against infectious
diseases, especially COVID-19. Since there are no wholly approved drugs,
vaccines, or clinical prevention for this disease at the moment, it is
essential to focus on natural resistance systems, which play critical
roles in supporting the immune system defense function against COVID-19.
The severity of COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in acute phase
reactants and pro-inflammatory cytokines; ferritin, tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. Numerous shreds of
evidence propose that immune homeostasis, genetic susceptibility,
dietary interventions, supplementation, and the environment can have an
imperative role in controlling the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and
infected patients’ prognosis. In the current study, we proposed a
comprehensive overview of the considerable part of natural resistance in
the COVID-19 forecast, whether it may afford protection to COVID-19. All
in all, multidisciplinary investigations have been done and need to be
done to identify the clinical implications of natural interventions and
natural resistance potential in COVID-19 susceptibility