Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase
Protein (HN) from Newcastle Virus in Animal Model as a Novel Alternative
to the Newcastle disease virus Vaccine
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has severely affected the poultry industry
in recent years. One of the best ways to protect yourself from this
virus and lower your chance of a pandemic is by vaccination. The
commercial vaccine does not adequately respond to pandemic strains. This
study examines the potential function of formulated Haemagglutinin
neuraminidase (HN) with Freund’s adjuvant against Newcastle disease
virus. To this end, a recombinant Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (rHN)
gene of the Newcastle disease virus was designed and expressed used by
B.subtiles expression system. Four groups of mice were immunized
by rHN in combination with Freund’s adjuvant, and commercial vaccine.
The humoral immune test was then performed on the vaccinated mice, and
the outcomes were compared to those of untreated animals (negative
group). NDV was also administered through intranasal drop to the treated
and control mouse groups. Body weight, survival, temperature variation,
and the medical conditions of the samples were assessed. Mice that
received the recombinant protein vaccination showed humoral reactions to
the NDV. Also, co-administration of rHN with Freund’s adjuvant might
increase the survival rate of the immunized mice by 92 percent. Two
weeks after infection, the Freund’s adjuvant-treated group had a slight
weight loss and a high body temperature. Additionally, compared to the
group that received a commercial vaccination, this group had a greater
HI antibody titer. Altogether, the results showed that the recombinant
protein with the Freund’s adjuvant created better safety than the
Commercial vaccine produced in Iran, thereby can be considered as a safe
and reliable vaccine candidates against the Newcastle virus for further
investigations.