Predominance of novel DS-1-like G8P[8] rotavirus reassortant strains
in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE)
in children. This study aims to investigate the molecular epidemiology
of RVA children hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Rai, Thailand in
2018-2020 by RT-PCR. Of 302 samples, RVA was detected in 11.6% (35
samples): 11.3% (19/168) in 2018-2019 and 11.9% (16/134) in 2019-2020.
Surprisingly, G8P[8] was detected as the predominant genotype at
68.4% in 2018-2019 and 81.2% in 2019-2020. In addition, other
genotypes were also detected, including G1P[8] (15.8%), G2P[4]
(5.3%), G3P[8] (10.5%) in 2018-2019 and G9P[8] (18.8%) in
2019-2020. Analysis of genomic constellation of G8P[8] strains,
represented by RVA/Human-wt/ THA/5CR11/2019/G8P[8], revealed a
DS-1-like genetic backbone: G8-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2.
Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene showed that the DS-1-like
G8P[8] strains clustered in a distinct sublineage A together with 13
G8P[8] strains reported from Thailand and China, and these
sublineage A G8P[8] strains contained unique amino acid
substitutions in two positions (A125S and N147D) on the VP7 antigenic
epitopes. Homology modeling of the VP7 capsid protein confirmed that
these two amino acid changes were located on the surface exposed area of
the virion. Phylogenetic trees of the VP1, VP6, NSP2, NSP3, and NSP4
genes have demonstrated that DS-1-like G8P[8] strains in the present
study and 51 DS-1-like G8P[8] reference strains published formerly
clustered in separate lineages. To the best of our knowledge, this is
the first report of the emergence of novel DS-1-like G8P[8] strains
that might have evolved genetically through reassortment events with
locally or globally circulating genotypes.