Abstract
Objective: Intrusive thoughts are characterized by a sense of
intrusiveness of foreign entry into cognition. While not always
consisting of negative content, intrusive thoughts are almost solely
investigated in that context. Involuntary Musical Imagery (INMI) offers
a promising alternative, as it is a type of involuntary cognition that
can be used to evaluate intrusiveness without negative content.
Methos: In Study 1, 200 participants completed self-report
questionnaires to assess several aspects of intrusiveness:
meta-awareness, control, repetitiveness, frequency, and subjective
experience of INMI. In Study 2, 203 participants completed self-report
questionnaires to explore the clinical characteristics (depression,
stress, anxiety, and rumination) which might mediate the connection
between INMI frequency and INMI negative experience. Results:
Study 1 revealed, through exploratory factor analysis, that
intrusiveness shares variance with the negative experience of INMI but
not with INMI frequency. In study 2, ruminative thinking was found to
mediate the relationship between frequent INMI and negative experience
of INMI. Conclusion: These results suggest that INMI might be
used to investigate intrusiveness in the lab without the potential
confound of negative emotions. In addition, the results suggest that
neither the content nor the frequency of intrusive thoughts can solely
explain why these thoughts are aversive to some but not others.
Ruminative style might be the missing link to explain how and why these
intrusive thoughts become aversive and obsessive. In other words, we
suggest that the cause for intrusiveness lies not in the thought or
repetitiveness, but in the thinker.