Abstract
Acclimations of Oreochromis mossambicus to hypersalinity were
conducted with multiple rates of salinity increase and durations of
exposure to determine the rate-independent maximum salinity limit and
the incipient lethal salinity. Quantitative proteomics of over 3000 gill
proteins simultaneously was performed to analyze molecular phenotypes
associated with hypersalinity. For this purpose, a species- and
tissue-specific data-independent acquisition (DIA) assay library of MSMS
spectra was created. From these DIA data, protein networks representing
complex molecular phenotypes associated with salinity acclimation were
generated. O. mossambicus was determined to have a wide “zone of
resistance” from approximately 75g/kg salinity to 120g/kg, which is
tolerated for a limited period with eventual loss of organismal
function. Crossing the critical threshold salinity into the zone of
resistance corresponds with blood osmolality increasing beyond 400
mOsm/kg, significantly reduced body condition factor, and cessation of
feeding. Gill protein networks impacted by hypersalinity include
increased energy metabolism, especially upregulation of electron
transport chain proteins, and regulation of specific osmoregulatory
proteins. Cytoskeletal, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix proteins
are enriched in networks that are sensitive to the critical salinity
threshold. Network analysis of these patterns provides deep insight into
specific mechanisms of energy homeostasis during salinity stress.